【1】－in the red

Explanation: A business with cash flow difficulties may ask its bank for an overdraft: their account at the bank is then in the red. So ‘in the red ‘ means the condition of showing loss.

 

Overdraft' 指透支。当企业的现金周转陷入困境时，他们可以向银行申请透支，这时该企业在银行的帐户就变成了红色，也就是我们常说的赤字。所以我们可以用“in the red”来表示一个企业遇到了财务困难，入不敷出。

 

请看例句：

 

1. While British bankers talk of being in the red because of the old practice of showing overdrawn accounts in red ink' Italians talk about being in the green.

 

2. The new company is in the red this years due to inexperienced management and many employees are hunting for another job now.

 

【2】－cash injection

Cash injection

 

 

Explanation: A firm without sufficient working capital has liquidity problems and may look for a cash injection or a cash infusion.

 

 

Working capital' 流动资本。Liquidity' (资本的)流动性。当一个企业缺乏足够的流动资本时，它将面临着资本流动不足的问题，这时企业就会迫切期望寻找到现金注入的方法。请看例句：

 

 

1.  The CEO said in the executive meeting that their company need cash injections to meet ‘liquidity’ needs. They include working capital to buy inventory and funds to pay bond interest due tomorrow.

 

公司总裁在管理层会议上提到，公司需要现金注入来满足资本流动性的需求。这些流动性的需求包括：用来购买存货的流动资本，以及支付明天就要到期的债券利息的基金。

 

 

2. There are lots of ways liquidity could be injected into small companies if the will was there. It could take the form of low interest loans from the government.

 

如果需要的话，小企业可以有很多种方法获得现金注入，比如他们可以从政府获得低利率的贷款。

 

【3】－window dressing

window dressing

 

 

Explanation: When a company’s accounts are presented in a way that makes performance look better than it really is' the company may be accused of window dressing or creative accounting

 

当一个公司的会计帐本被“粉饰”地比实际业绩好，该公司有可能被控告为“作假帐”。请看例句：

 

 

Substance should triumph over form in situations of window-dressing and off-balance-sheet financing.

 

在存在着“作假帐”和表外融资的情况下，资产的实质比形式更重要。

 

【4】－intangible assets

intangible assets

 

 

Explanation: intangible assets may include such things as patents owned by the company' and goodwill' the value of the company as a functioning business or going concern with a client base' experienced management' and other benefits that a start-up may not have.

 

 

intangible assets 就是无形资产，它通常包括企业拥有的专利权、商誉、熟练的管理模式以及其他一些刚起步的企业不可能有的利益。请看例句：

 

 

The accounting need for an asset to be ‘measured at a monetary amount with sufficient reliability’ would also affect accounting for intangible assets such as brand names.

 

会计条款中要求：资产必须“用货币量来衡量，并且衡量要有足够的可靠性和依据”。这一条款会影响无形资产（例如品牌）的会计计量。

 

【5】－default on a debt

default on a debt

 

 

Explanation: if a company fails to make debt repayments on time' or at all' it defaults on the debt.

 

如果一个企业不能按时或全额偿还债务，那么我们当然说它是在拖欠债务。下面是一个生动的例子：

 

 

Washington Public Power Supply System (WPPSS) which owns the dubious honor of the biggest municipal bond default in history said its proposed refunding has been rescheduled for after Labor Day. WPPSS earned its Wall Street nickname Whoops when it defaulted on roughly one-fourth of the more than $8 billion of bonds it sold in the 1970s and early 1980s to build five nuclear power plants.

 

华盛顿公共能源公司（简称WPPSS）以拖欠市政债券而著称。该公司申明，预期发行的代替旧债券的新债券将改在劳动节以后进行。WPPSS在70年代和80年代发行了8亿多美圆的债券用来建设5个核电站，而目前它拖欠了其中的1/4，该公司因此在华尔街被戏称为是Whoops（发音同oops）

 

【6】－lame ducks

Lame ducks

 

 

Explanation: Companies in trouble and needing outside help are also often referred to as lame ducks' likening them to birds with difficulty in walking.

 

Lame ducks可以用来指遇到困难或者需要外部援助的那些企业，从字面上看，就是把这些企业比做行动不便的鸭子。请看例句：

 

 

The manufacturing method of Rover' once the lame ducks of British industry' have been transformed thanks to that company’s partnership with Honda.

 

Rover公司的生产制造方法曾经是英国工业的老大难，现在由于Rover 同Honda公司的合作，该公司的生产方法已经顺利转型。

 

【7】－bourse

bourse

 

Explanation: stock markets may also be referred to as bourses. Companies needing money for development may raise finance or raise capital on the bourse by selling shares: investment certificates that vary in value' depending partly on company performance.

 

 

Bourse就是股票市场的意思。企业需要资金时，可以通过在股票市场发行股票融资，股票的市场价格一部分是有企业的业绩决定的。

 

 

请看例句

 

1. Most of the shares listed in New York are still domestically-based firms' but the shares of foreign companies account' on average' for a third of the shares listed on the main European bourses.

 

在纽约上市的股票绝大部分是美国的公司，而在欧洲的股票市场上，外国企业的股票占了1/3。

 

【8】－forex

 

explanation: currencies such as dollars' pounds and francs on the foreign exchange or forex markets.

 

forex 可以看成是foreign exchange的缩写，就是外汇市场的意思。初次见到可能会觉得陌生，不过下次就一定不会忘了吧。下面看一个例句：

 

 

More money churns around in the forex markets then in any other.

 

在外汇市场流通的货币比任何其他市场都多

 

【9】－bullish

Explanation: when market prices are rising people talk about a bull market' and if they think price will continue to rise' then market is bullish.

 

当股票市场上扬时人们称之为“牛市”，bullish就是指“行情上涨的”。反之就是“bearish”.

 

 

请看例句：

 

1. Mr. Schaeffer says the current ‘extreme’ bullish view of bond investors is ‘likely to be as incorrect’ as the pessimism earlier this year.

 

Schaeffer说，债券投资者目前对市场所持的心态是“极度”看涨，这很可能同今年早些时候的悲观心态一样是错误的。

 

【10】－securities

Explanation: securities refer to shares and bonds' investment certificates with a fixed rate of interest.

 

Securities 就是指有价证券，包括股票和债券等，他们都有一定比率的利息。

 

 

请看例句：

 

The vice president said the company’s existing cash' marketable secutities and anticipated revenue ‘should be sufficient to the cash needs for current level of operation’

 

副总裁说，公司现有的现金，可交易的有价证券以及预期收入必须足够，以满足维持现有运营所需现金量。